About Photography
The word photography comes from the words photo meaning light, and that means that the image graph. So photography can mean drawing / painting with light.
The types of camera
Movie camera, it is also called the analog camera by some people.
Format film
Before we move to the kind of movie camera that we have first to know the various format / size of the film.
1. APS, Advanced Photography System. Format with small size 16x24mm film, packed in a cartridge. Although this format are new, but not popular. Stores selling movies of this type of search difficult in Indonesia.
2. 135 format. Known also with 35mm film. The size of 24x36mm, packed in the form of a cartridge containing 20 or 36 frames. This format is the most popular format, we find many around us.
3. Medium format
4. Large format
Type Movies
1. Film B / W, black and white negative film.
2. Color negative film. Most popular, we often use.
3. Positive film, also called slide. More expensive and prone to overexposure. However colors produced more good because it can capture the range of contrast wider.
The types of camera
1. Pocket / compact. Pocket camera. Popular for common people, simple and easily operated. Using 35mm film format.
2. Rangefinder. Camera search distance. Small, similar to the glance pocket camera. The difference, the camera has a mechanism fokusing (therefore called rangefinder). Generally use 35mm film format.
3. SLR, Single Lens Reflex. Single lens reflex camera. Popular among the professional, amateur and hobiis. Generally have a lens that can be replaced. Using 35mm film format. Also called a camera system.
4. TLR, Twin Lens Reflex. Double-lens reflex camera. Usually use medium format.
5. Viewfinder. Usually use medium format.
The camera manual and automatic camera. Camera-SLR camera equipped with the latest systems are generally autofokus and autoexposure but can still be operated manually.
Digital camera. Using a digital sensor instead of film.
1. Consumer. Pocket camera, cheap, easy pemakaiannya. Lens can not be replaced. Most only have a full-automatic mode. Just point and shoot. Some, such as the Canon A series, has a manual mode.
2. Prosumer. SLR camera-like, middle price. Lens can not be replaced. Shooting auto and manual modes.
3. DSLR. Digital SLR.
Lens, the camera's eye, in general, determine the quality of images produced lenses have 2 properties that is important and long fokal APERTURE maximum.
Field of View (FOV) for each lens has a wide FOV depends on the length of fokalnya and knowledgeable film / sensor is used.
Field of View Crop, often called the kaprah with a focal length multiplier. Almost all digital cameras have sensors that measure less than 35mm film, then in the field of view digital camera is smaller than the 35mm camera. Eg, 50 mm lens on the Nikon D70 has the same FOV with the 75mm lens on 35mm film camera (FOV crop factor 1.5x)
The types of lenses
a. based on the prime-vario
1. Fixed focal / Prime, fokal still have a long, eg Fujinon 35mm F/3.5 have long fokal 35 mm. Prime lens is less flexible, but the quality is higher than the zoom lens is the same price.
2. Zoom / Vario, have long fokal that can be changed, eg, Canon EF-S 18-55mm F/3.5-5.6 have long fokal that can be changed from 18 mm to 55 mm. Flexible as long fokalnya that can be arranged.
b. based on focal length
1. Wide, wide lens with a FOV, fokal length of 35 mm or less. Usually used to take photos of buildings and scenery.
2. Normal, fokal length of 50 mm. Lens is versatile, quick and cheap price.
3. Tele, FOV lens with narrow, long fokal 70mm or more. For photographs from the long distance.
c. based on the maximum APERTURE.
1. Quick, have a maximum width APERTURE.
2. Slow, has a maximum APERTURE narrow.
d. special lens-lens
1. Macro lens, used to taking a short distance from
2. Tilt and Shift lens, can dibengkokan.
Terms of the lens wide / tele (based on focal length) above apply to the 35mm film camera. Nikkor 50 mm lens into the camera lens in the normal 35mm film, but a tele lens when used on Nikon D70 digital camera. On the Nikon D70 FOV Nikkor 50 mm lens, equivalent to 75 mm FOV on 35mm film camera.
Equipment for other
Tripod, shooting with the required speed to slow. At slow speeds, to avoid camera shake may occur if a hand held (handheld). In general, a minimum speed handhel is 1/focal.
Bring a tripod while hunting can be making. For the purposes of hunting is usually a tripod is a tripod that was light and small.
Monopod, like a tripod, one leg. More portability. Can only be a vertical oscillation only.
Flash / flash / flash, for menerangai objects in dark conditions.
Filter, to filter the incoming light. There are many types.
UV, UV light filter that does not happen in the hazy landscape foto2, often used to protect the lens from dust.
PL / CPL (Polarizer / Circular Polarizar) to reduce the reflection on the surface of the non-metal. Can also add contrast to the sky.
Exposure, the amount of light entering the camera, depending on the speed and APERTURE.
APERTURE / diaphragm. APERTURE the greater the more incoming light. APERTURE expressed with the number of digits as follows: f / 1.4 f / 2 f / 3.5 f/5.6 f / 8. the greater number (f number), the small aperturenya APERTURE.
Shutter speed / shutter speed. The sooner, the less light the entrance.
ISO, expressed sensitivity sensor / film. The higher the amount of light ISOnya needed a little more. ISO 100 film requires 2 times the amount of light film of ISO 200.
Example: a combination of diaphragm f/5.6 kec. 1 / 500 at ISO 100 equivalent to the diaphragm f / 8 kec 1 / 500 or f/5.6 kec. 1 / 1000 at ISO 200.
Exposure meters, the light. Almost every modern camera has the internal light. In addition, also available for the external light.
Exposure metering (often abbreviated with the metering only), method of measuring light
1. Average metering, the average light throughout the frame.
2. Center-weighted average metering, measuring light with an average weight of the middle point.
3. Matrix / Evaluative metering, Measure light in various parts of the frame, and then calculated with the methods certain automatic.
4. Spot metering, the light only on a small part in the middle of the frame only.
Exposure Compensation, 18% gray. Exposure meters always measure light menhasilkan measurements and photos so that the light generated in the range of 18% gray. So if we look sebidang white Exposure settings and use as indicated by the meter, the white will become gray in the picture. To overcome this we must do Exposure Compensation. Exposure so we add a white cloth.
Under exposured, the image is too dark, the lack of Exposure.
Over exposured, the image is too light because of the excess Exposure
Term stop. Take 1 stop, this means increased Exposure to 2 times. Take 2 stop, this means increased Exposure to 4 times. Going down 1 stop Exposure is revealed to be 1 / 2 times. Going down 2 stop Exposure revealed a 1 / 4 time.
The increase of 1 stop on the APERTURE as follows: f/22, f/16, f/11, f / 8; f / 5.6; f / 4; f / 2.8; f / 2. F different number each stop is 0.7 times (1 / 2).
The increase of 1 stop on kec. Rana as follows: 1 / 2000; 1 / 1000; 1 / 500, 1 / 250, 1 / 125, 1 / 60, 1 / 30, 1 / 15; 1 / 8; 1 / 4; 1 / 2; 1. Different speed of each stop is 2 times.
DOF, Depth of Field, the depth of field. DOF is the area around the sharp focus.
Depth of field is influenced by the large APERTURE, fokal long, and the distance to the object.
1. APERTURE, the greater APERTURE (f the small number) then the DOF will be shallow / narrow.
2. Length fokal (real), the long fokal, the DOF shallow / narrow.
3. The distance to the object, the closer the distance to the object then the DOF shallow / narrow.
Elections DOF
If the DOF narrow, FG and BG will blur. DOF limited use if we want to isolate / weight of the object in the environment such as pictures or portrait photos of flowers.
If the DOF wide, FG and BG appear more sharp. DOF wide if we want to use almost all of the photos appear sharp, as in the picture or photo journalism landscape.
Shooting mode
Auto mode, point and shoot mode, viewfinder and live snap.
1. Full Auto, the camera that determines all the parameters.
2. Portrait, the camera uses to restrict the largest APERTURE DOF.
3. Landscape, the camera using APERTURE smallest.
4. Nightscene, using a slow speed and flash to catch the object and BG as well.
5. Fast speed shuter
6. Slow speed SHUTTER
Creative zone
1. P, AE program. Similar to the auto mode with more control. With this mode we can control the Exposure Compensation, ISO, metering mode, Auto / manual focus, white balance, flash on / off, and the shooting continues.
2. Tv, SHUTTER speed priority AE. We menetukan speed, the camera will calculate the exact APERTURE.
3. Av, APERTURE priority AE. We determine APERTURE, set the camera speed.
4. M, Manual Exposure. We determine the speed and APERTURE manually.
Composition and Angle.
Composition is the placement of objects in the photo frame
Angle is the point of shooting, from the bottom up, or in parallel.
The composition and angle more to the art of photography. The taste is very far-reaching photographers.
Sources : Anggy mutiara
The word photography comes from the words photo meaning light, and that means that the image graph. So photography can mean drawing / painting with light.
The types of camera
Movie camera, it is also called the analog camera by some people.
Format film
Before we move to the kind of movie camera that we have first to know the various format / size of the film.
1. APS, Advanced Photography System. Format with small size 16x24mm film, packed in a cartridge. Although this format are new, but not popular. Stores selling movies of this type of search difficult in Indonesia.
2. 135 format. Known also with 35mm film. The size of 24x36mm, packed in the form of a cartridge containing 20 or 36 frames. This format is the most popular format, we find many around us.
3. Medium format
4. Large format
Type Movies
1. Film B / W, black and white negative film.
2. Color negative film. Most popular, we often use.
3. Positive film, also called slide. More expensive and prone to overexposure. However colors produced more good because it can capture the range of contrast wider.
The types of camera
1. Pocket / compact. Pocket camera. Popular for common people, simple and easily operated. Using 35mm film format.
2. Rangefinder. Camera search distance. Small, similar to the glance pocket camera. The difference, the camera has a mechanism fokusing (therefore called rangefinder). Generally use 35mm film format.
3. SLR, Single Lens Reflex. Single lens reflex camera. Popular among the professional, amateur and hobiis. Generally have a lens that can be replaced. Using 35mm film format. Also called a camera system.
4. TLR, Twin Lens Reflex. Double-lens reflex camera. Usually use medium format.
5. Viewfinder. Usually use medium format.
The camera manual and automatic camera. Camera-SLR camera equipped with the latest systems are generally autofokus and autoexposure but can still be operated manually.
Digital camera. Using a digital sensor instead of film.
1. Consumer. Pocket camera, cheap, easy pemakaiannya. Lens can not be replaced. Most only have a full-automatic mode. Just point and shoot. Some, such as the Canon A series, has a manual mode.
2. Prosumer. SLR camera-like, middle price. Lens can not be replaced. Shooting auto and manual modes.
3. DSLR. Digital SLR.
Lens, the camera's eye, in general, determine the quality of images produced lenses have 2 properties that is important and long fokal APERTURE maximum.
Field of View (FOV) for each lens has a wide FOV depends on the length of fokalnya and knowledgeable film / sensor is used.
Field of View Crop, often called the kaprah with a focal length multiplier. Almost all digital cameras have sensors that measure less than 35mm film, then in the field of view digital camera is smaller than the 35mm camera. Eg, 50 mm lens on the Nikon D70 has the same FOV with the 75mm lens on 35mm film camera (FOV crop factor 1.5x)
The types of lenses
a. based on the prime-vario
1. Fixed focal / Prime, fokal still have a long, eg Fujinon 35mm F/3.5 have long fokal 35 mm. Prime lens is less flexible, but the quality is higher than the zoom lens is the same price.
2. Zoom / Vario, have long fokal that can be changed, eg, Canon EF-S 18-55mm F/3.5-5.6 have long fokal that can be changed from 18 mm to 55 mm. Flexible as long fokalnya that can be arranged.
b. based on focal length
1. Wide, wide lens with a FOV, fokal length of 35 mm or less. Usually used to take photos of buildings and scenery.
2. Normal, fokal length of 50 mm. Lens is versatile, quick and cheap price.
3. Tele, FOV lens with narrow, long fokal 70mm or more. For photographs from the long distance.
c. based on the maximum APERTURE.
1. Quick, have a maximum width APERTURE.
2. Slow, has a maximum APERTURE narrow.
d. special lens-lens
1. Macro lens, used to taking a short distance from
2. Tilt and Shift lens, can dibengkokan.
Terms of the lens wide / tele (based on focal length) above apply to the 35mm film camera. Nikkor 50 mm lens into the camera lens in the normal 35mm film, but a tele lens when used on Nikon D70 digital camera. On the Nikon D70 FOV Nikkor 50 mm lens, equivalent to 75 mm FOV on 35mm film camera.
Equipment for other
Tripod, shooting with the required speed to slow. At slow speeds, to avoid camera shake may occur if a hand held (handheld). In general, a minimum speed handhel is 1/focal.
Bring a tripod while hunting can be making. For the purposes of hunting is usually a tripod is a tripod that was light and small.
Monopod, like a tripod, one leg. More portability. Can only be a vertical oscillation only.
Flash / flash / flash, for menerangai objects in dark conditions.
Filter, to filter the incoming light. There are many types.
UV, UV light filter that does not happen in the hazy landscape foto2, often used to protect the lens from dust.
PL / CPL (Polarizer / Circular Polarizar) to reduce the reflection on the surface of the non-metal. Can also add contrast to the sky.
Exposure, the amount of light entering the camera, depending on the speed and APERTURE.
APERTURE / diaphragm. APERTURE the greater the more incoming light. APERTURE expressed with the number of digits as follows: f / 1.4 f / 2 f / 3.5 f/5.6 f / 8. the greater number (f number), the small aperturenya APERTURE.
Shutter speed / shutter speed. The sooner, the less light the entrance.
ISO, expressed sensitivity sensor / film. The higher the amount of light ISOnya needed a little more. ISO 100 film requires 2 times the amount of light film of ISO 200.
Example: a combination of diaphragm f/5.6 kec. 1 / 500 at ISO 100 equivalent to the diaphragm f / 8 kec 1 / 500 or f/5.6 kec. 1 / 1000 at ISO 200.
Exposure meters, the light. Almost every modern camera has the internal light. In addition, also available for the external light.
Exposure metering (often abbreviated with the metering only), method of measuring light
1. Average metering, the average light throughout the frame.
2. Center-weighted average metering, measuring light with an average weight of the middle point.
3. Matrix / Evaluative metering, Measure light in various parts of the frame, and then calculated with the methods certain automatic.
4. Spot metering, the light only on a small part in the middle of the frame only.
Exposure Compensation, 18% gray. Exposure meters always measure light menhasilkan measurements and photos so that the light generated in the range of 18% gray. So if we look sebidang white Exposure settings and use as indicated by the meter, the white will become gray in the picture. To overcome this we must do Exposure Compensation. Exposure so we add a white cloth.
Under exposured, the image is too dark, the lack of Exposure.
Over exposured, the image is too light because of the excess Exposure
Term stop. Take 1 stop, this means increased Exposure to 2 times. Take 2 stop, this means increased Exposure to 4 times. Going down 1 stop Exposure is revealed to be 1 / 2 times. Going down 2 stop Exposure revealed a 1 / 4 time.
The increase of 1 stop on the APERTURE as follows: f/22, f/16, f/11, f / 8; f / 5.6; f / 4; f / 2.8; f / 2. F different number each stop is 0.7 times (1 / 2).
The increase of 1 stop on kec. Rana as follows: 1 / 2000; 1 / 1000; 1 / 500, 1 / 250, 1 / 125, 1 / 60, 1 / 30, 1 / 15; 1 / 8; 1 / 4; 1 / 2; 1. Different speed of each stop is 2 times.
DOF, Depth of Field, the depth of field. DOF is the area around the sharp focus.
Depth of field is influenced by the large APERTURE, fokal long, and the distance to the object.
1. APERTURE, the greater APERTURE (f the small number) then the DOF will be shallow / narrow.
2. Length fokal (real), the long fokal, the DOF shallow / narrow.
3. The distance to the object, the closer the distance to the object then the DOF shallow / narrow.
Elections DOF
If the DOF narrow, FG and BG will blur. DOF limited use if we want to isolate / weight of the object in the environment such as pictures or portrait photos of flowers.
If the DOF wide, FG and BG appear more sharp. DOF wide if we want to use almost all of the photos appear sharp, as in the picture or photo journalism landscape.
Shooting mode
Auto mode, point and shoot mode, viewfinder and live snap.
1. Full Auto, the camera that determines all the parameters.
2. Portrait, the camera uses to restrict the largest APERTURE DOF.
3. Landscape, the camera using APERTURE smallest.
4. Nightscene, using a slow speed and flash to catch the object and BG as well.
5. Fast speed shuter
6. Slow speed SHUTTER
Creative zone
1. P, AE program. Similar to the auto mode with more control. With this mode we can control the Exposure Compensation, ISO, metering mode, Auto / manual focus, white balance, flash on / off, and the shooting continues.
2. Tv, SHUTTER speed priority AE. We menetukan speed, the camera will calculate the exact APERTURE.
3. Av, APERTURE priority AE. We determine APERTURE, set the camera speed.
4. M, Manual Exposure. We determine the speed and APERTURE manually.
Composition and Angle.
Composition is the placement of objects in the photo frame
Angle is the point of shooting, from the bottom up, or in parallel.
The composition and angle more to the art of photography. The taste is very far-reaching photographers.
Sources : Anggy mutiara
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